Vietnam Facts, History, and Profile

In the western world, the word Vietnam is almost always followed by the word War. However, Vietnam has more than 1,000 years of recorded history, and it is much more interesting than just the events of the mid-20th century. Vietnams people and economy were devastated by the process of decolonization and decades of war, but today, the country is well on its way to recovery. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Hanoi, population 7.5 million Major Cities: Ho Chi Minh City  (formerly Saigon), 8.6 millionHai Phong, 1.6 millionCan Tho, 1.3 millionDa Nang, 1.1 million Government Politically, Vietnam is a one-party communist state. As in China, however, the economy is increasingly capitalistic. The head of government in Vietnam is the prime minister, currently Nguyá »â€¦n Xuà ¢n Phà ºc. The president is the nominal head of state; the incumbent is Nguyá »â€¦n Phà º Trá » ng. Of course, both are top members of the Vietnamese Communist Party. Vietnams unicameral legislature, the National Assembly of Vietnam, has 496 members and is the highest branch of the government. Even the judiciary falls under the National Assembly. The top court is the Supreme Peoples Court; lower courts include provincial municipal courts and local district courts. Population As of 2018, Vietnam has about 94.6 million people, of whom more than 85% are ethnic Kinh or Viet people. However, the remaining 15% include members of more than 50 different ethnic groups. Some of the largest groups are the Tay, 1.9%; Tai, 1.7%; Muong, 1.5%; Khmer Krom, 1.4%; Hoa and Nung, 1.1% each; and Hmong, at 1%. Languages The official language of Vietnam is Vietnamese, which is part of the Mon-Khmer language group. Spoken Vietnamese is tonal. Vietnamese was written in Chinese characters until the 13th century when Vietnam developed its own set of characters, chu nom. In addition to Vietnamese, some citizens speak Chinese, Khmer, French, or the languages of small mountain-dwelling ethnic groups. English is increasingly popular as a second language. Religion Vietnam is non-religious due to its communist government. However, in this case, Karl Marxs antipathy to religion is overlaid on a rich and varied tradition of different Asian and Western faiths, and the government recognizes six religions. As a result, 80% of Vietnamese self-identify as belonging to no religion, yet many of them continue to visit religious temples or churches and to offer prayers to their ancestors. Those Vietnamese who identify with a particular religion report their affiliations as follows: Vietnamese folk religion, 73.2%; Buddhist, 12.2%, Catholic, 6.8%, Cao Da, 4.8%, Hoa Hao, 1.4%, and less than 1% Muslim or Protestant Christian. Geography and Climate Vietnam has an area of 331,210 sq km (127,881 sq miles), along with the eastern coastal strip of Southeast Asia. The majority of the land is hilly or mountainous and heavily forested, with only about 20% flatlands. Most cities and farms are concentrated around river valleys and deltas. Vietnam borders China, Laos, and Cambodia. The highest point is Fan Si Pan, at 3,144 meters (10,315 feet) in elevation. The lowest point is sea level at the coast. Vietnams climate varies with both latitude and elevation, but generally, it is tropical and monsoonal. The weather tends to be humid year-round, with substantial rainfall during the summer rainy season and less during the winter dry season. Temperatures do not vary much throughout the year, generally, with an average around 23 °C (73 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded was 42.8 °C (109  °F), and the lowest was 2.7 °C (37 °F). Economy Vietnams economic growth remains hampered by the governments control of many factories as state-owned enterprises (SOEs). These SOEs produce almost 40% of the countrys GDP. Perhaps inspired by the success of Asias capitalist tiger economies, however, the Vietnamese recently declared a policy of economic liberalization and joined the World Trade Organization. In 2016, Vietnams GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. A total of 44.3% of the labor force works in agriculture, 22.9% works in industry, and 32.8% works in the service sector. Vietnam exports clothes, shoes, crude oil, and rice. It imports leather and textiles, machinery, electronics, plastics, and automobiles. The Vietnamese currency is the dong. As of 2019, 1 USD 23216 dong. History of Vietnam Artifacts of human habitation in what is now Vietnam date back more than 22,000 years, but it is likely that humans have lived in the area for much longer. Archaeological evidence shows that bronze casting in the area began around 5,000 BCE and spread north to China. Around 2,000 BCE, the Dong Son Culture introduced rice cultivation into Vietnam. To the south of the Dong Son were the Sa Huynh people (c. 1000 BCE–200 CE), ancestors of the Cham people. Maritime traders, the Sa Huynh exchanged merchandise with peoples in China, Thailand, the Philippines, and Taiwan. In 207 BCE, the first historic kingdom of Nam Viet was established in northern Vietnam and southern China by Trieu Da, a former governor for the Chinese Qin Dynasty. However, the Han Dynasty conquered Nam Viet in 111 BCE, ushering in the First Chinese Domination, which lasted until 39 CE. Between 39 and 43 CE, sisters Trung Trac and Trung Nhi lead a revolt against the Chinese and briefly ruled independent Vietnam. The Han Chinese defeated and killed them in 43 CE, however, marking the beginning of the Second Chinese Domination, which lasted until 544 CE. Led by Ly Bi, northern Vietnam broke away from the Chinese again in 544, despite the southern Champa kingdoms alliance with China. The First Ly Dynasty ruled northern Vietnam (Annam) until 602 when once again China conquered the region. This Third Chinese Domination lasted through 905 CE when the Khuc family overcame the Tang Chinese rule of the Annam area. Several short-lived dynasties followed in quick succession until the Ly Dynasty (1009–1225 CE) took control. The Ly invaded Champa and also moved into Khmer lands in what is now Cambodia. In 1225, the Ly were overthrown by the Tran Dynasty, who ruled until 1400. The Tran famously defeated three Mongol invasions, first by Mongke Khan in 1257–58, and then by Kublai Khan in 1284–85 and 1287–88. The Ming Dynasty of China managed to take Annam in 1407 and controlled it for two decades. Vietnams longest-reigning Dynasty, the Le, next ruled from 1428 to 1788. The Le Dynasty instituted Confucianism and a Chinese-style civil service exam system. It also conquered the former Champa, extending Vietnam to its current borders. Between 1788 and 1802, peasant revolts, small local kingdoms, and chaos prevailed in Vietnam. The Nguyen Dynasty took control in 1802 and ruled until 1945, first in their own right and then as puppets of French imperialism (1887–1945), and also as puppets of the occupying Japanese Imperial forces during World War II. At the end of the Second World War, France demanded the return of its colonies in French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos). The Vietnamese wanted independence, so this touched off the First Indochina War (1946–1954). In 1954, the French withdrew and Vietnam was partitioned with the promise of democratic elections. However, the North under communist leader Ho Chi Minh invaded the U.S.-supported South later in 1954, marking the beginning of the Second Indochina War, also called the Vietnam War (1954–1975). The North Vietnamese eventually won the war in 1975 and reunited Vietnam as a communist country. Vietnams army overran neighboring Cambodia in 1978, driving the genocidal Khmer Rouge out of power. Since the 1970s, Vietnam has slowly liberalized its economic system and recovered from decades of war. Sources and Further Reading Goscha, Christopher. Vietnam: A New History. New York: Basic Books, 2016.  Pariona, Ameber. The Economy Of Vietnam. WorldAtlas, Apr. 25, 2017.  SarDesai, D.R. Vietnam Past and Present. New York: Routledge, 2018.Sawe, Benjamin Elisha. Largest Ethnic Groups In Vietnam. WorldAtlas, Jul. 18, 2019.Sousa, Gregory. Major Religions in Vietnam. WorldAtlas, Jul. 24, 2018.Summary Statistics of Vietnam 2018.  Ha Noi: General Statistics Office of Viet Nam, 2018  Vietnam—Country Partnership Framework for the Period FY18–FY22 (English). Report No. 111771. Washington DC: World Bank Group, 2017.Vietnam. World Factbook, Center for the Study of Intelligence. Washington DC: Center Intelligence Agency, 2018.

A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew...

A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Scriptures The Hebrew Flood story of Noah and his obligation to preserve man kind after God had punished all living creatures for their inequities parallels The Epic of Gilgamesh in several ways. Even though these two compilations are passed on orally at different times in history the similarities and differences invoke deliberation when these stories are compared. Numerous underlining themes are illustrated throughout each story. Humans are guilty of transgressions and must be punished, God or Gods send a flood as punishment to destroy this evil race, a person is selected by the gods to build a craft that will withstand the flood and allow this person to create a new race. An†¦show more content†¦The Epic of Gilgamesh not only told a story of the people of a Sumerian Civilization and the battles of their great ruler. The Epic spoke of current environmental and natural issues â€Å"It shows an understanding of ecological processes and the consequences of human action on the earth that anticipates current ecological work.†( Perlin 35) Both Stories illustrate each cultures morals to a certain extinct. In the Epic of Gilgamesh true friendship and comradery is exemplified through the relationship of Gilgamesh Enkidu. They desire companionship and closeness â€Å"Enkidu is pleased: he longed for a comrade, for one who would understand his heart† (Brown). Gilgamesh’s want for compassion and Friendship as well it is shown in his dreams and describe by his Mother. â€Å"I made it for you, a goad and spur, and you were drawn as though to a woman. This is a strong comrade, the one who brings help to friend in his need. He is the strongest of wild creatures.†(Norton 15) This strong bond shows how the Sumerian feels about friendship and comradery. Enkidu relationship with Gilgamesh is stronger then that of just friend but like brothers. Gilgamesh’s mother Ninsun adopts Enkidu as her son, not only endorsing his friendship to Gilgamesh but also making him Gilgamesh’s brother â€Å" Strong E nkidu you are not the child of my body, but IShow MoreRelatedGENESIS AND ANCIENT MYTHS OF THE NEAR EAST930 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginated, produced a number of stories of creation and natural occurrences. It is important to note that many of the stories of the Sumerians, Akkadians and Hebrews began as oral traditions as the events they depict predate writing, so it is difficult to date these works on the basis of when these prehistoric myths were initiated. Comparison to writings contemporary to the people of Israel, can offer a deeper understanding of the meaning of their stories of origin as they give a point of referenceRead MoreHow Does Comparative Material From The Ancient Near East Help Us Understand Genesis 1-22?2785 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Genesis flood story with Noah and the flood epic that was told in Mesopotamia ? Gilgamesh.[footnoteRef:2] Alexander Heidel has made several comparisons between the flood narrative in Genesis and the epic of ?Gilgamesh?. He discusses t he problem with their similarities and makes several possibilities relating to this problem namely, that the people of Babylon borrowed the Hebrew narrative, or the Hebrews borrowed the Babylonian account, or the Hebrew and Babylonian accounts are both from a commonRead MoreThe Hindu Faith is an indigenous theology and philosophy of India spanning thousands of years.800 Words   |  4 Pagespossessions and casting judgment upon others are contrary to the Faith. They regard reincarnation, karma, dharma (universal moral compass), and moksha (final union with Brahman) as the main tenets of the philosophy. Works Cited â€Å"The Big Religion Comparison Chart: Compare World Religions.† 2004 - 2013. religionfacts.com. Web. 2007. â€Å"The Dead Sea Scrolls.† The Leon Levy Digital Library. Israeli Antiquities Authority. 2012. deadseascrolls.org. Web. 2013. Concise History of World Religions: An IllustratedRead MoreWhat Did I Learn About The Nature And Activity Of God? Essay2336 Words   |  10 Pagesthe ability to save, but it only identified what sin was. I believe this points to the operation of Grace within the Old Testament text. I think the author of Hebrews knew that many had missed or failed to see the underlying theme of Grace within the Old Testament when he penned Hebrews 12:15. Question 2: What did I learn about scripture as revelation? God has revealed Himself as the Creator and Sustainer of all we see, and He wants to enter into a personal relationship with us. We see this in ExodusRead More Too Many Religions, Not Enough Truth Essay2557 Words   |  11 Pagesand contentment could be more easily attained on every level if world populations would set aside the details that divide them and acknowledge that every person has an equal part to play in the big picture. Works Cited â€Å"The Big Religion Comparison Chart: Compare World Religions.† 2004 - 2013. religionfacts.com. Web. 2007. â€Å"The Dead Sea Scrolls.† The Leon Levy Digital Library. Israeli Antiquities Authority. 2012. deadseascrolls.org. Web. 2013. Concise History of World Religions: An Illustrated

Final Assignment HUM Free Essays

You are the news director of a local television station. The city council has Just voted to close city parks 3 days a week to save money. Meanwhile, a major celebrity has died. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Assignment HUM or any similar topic only for you Order Now The park story has greater effect on your viewers, but the celebrity death will get bigger ratings? Which do you make your lead story and why? As a viewer I would normally say put the park story first 100 percent. This is local broadcast I want to hear about information that affects me directly. This is not the ease, though. As a news director I would put the story of the celebrity death in the lead position for the higher ratings. This may not seem like the best choice, but it is a numbers game. The good thing that may come out of leading with the passing of the celebrity is that more viewers will learn about the closures at the city parks, since they will be tuning in anyway. It is this channels responsibility to get the news out to the public, but it is the director’s choice of what order that news will be seen. It is also likely that the national stations, internet, and radio will be reporting the story as well. This can mean some viewers may already be aware of celebrity death, but ultimately the city park story can run behind it. It is Just not as attention getting as the other story. This may not have been the case fifty or seventy-five years ago. Since the news traveled much slower then, the local happenings would be much more in the forefront, with national headlines taking longer to reach faraway places. This Just shows how media has changed over the last century. It will disappoint various viewers who may be tired of hearing about the death who then turn on the local station and see it again, but that is both the advantage and disadvantage of how the media is delivered in this day and age. We can learn about news almost instantly (advantage), but with every type of media outlet reporting on the most recent buzz, it can also become redundant very quickly as well (disadvantage). It is not an easy call to choose what the lead story will be because there will always be someone who has n opinion about what should have run first or could have been better, and there always will people to criticize the actions of others. Explain the effect of relationships among television, movies, and electronic games with culture. Television, movies, and electronic video games, and culture are all related and they all influence each other. Like the saying life does imitate art and are does imitate life. There are numerous television shows that relate to everyday life from the past to the present and most like will continue into the future – Just a few examples are: Friends, Sniffed, and Modern Family. The same goes for movies. The classic culture related film is: boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl, boy loses girl, and boy gets girl back in the end. Who has not had at least one relationship like this in the past? They also relate to each other. A television show hasn’t really become an icon until it is made into a movie these days, for example Sex in the City has had not one, but two movies spawned from the show. Electronic games are included as well. There are quite a few movies that have been created from video games, like Laura Croft: Tomb Raider for example; and there have been movies that seem almost specifically made to become electronic games like Torn. Whether a person watches a movie or television show because he or she can relate to it or if it is purely entertainment, it does affect culture because it becomes a part of each person. People quote funny lines from a movie or show, why, because it they connect with what they watched and share it with others. It can then catch on and become should slang – who can forget â€Å"don’t have a cow man† or â€Å"you got it dude†? Some movies, television shows, and electronic games do depict violence and demeaning social situations. They often get blamed when people in real life commit violent crimes. This is a topic people feel strongly about on both sides, and is not easy to defend or condemn. The most important thing to do is to talk open with our children, teach them clearly what is right and what is wrong, and give them self-confidence and self-worth, so in a controversial situation they are able to make the right decision. How to cite Final Assignment HUM, Papers

Organization Structure Gross Domestic Product

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Structurefor Gross Domestic Product. Answer: Introduction: There is no gain stating the fact that tourism industry forms an integral part of the economy of Australia, and in fact in the financial year of 2014-15, the tourism sector has contributed as much as 3 % of Australias total Gross Domestic product (GDP) (William 2014). The importance of the tourism industry of Australia not only lies in the fact that it helps to boost the national economy of the country, but it also creates employment opportunities for approximately 5,80,800 Australians each year (Rice 2014). Although a huge number of reputed companies are leading the tourism industry of Australia, Express Travel Group (ETG) is an important name in the travel industry. ETG, formerly also known as Orient Express Travel Group, is a very eminent travel company of Australia, headquartered in Melbourne. In its 32 years of its existence, the organization has succeeded in gaining sufficient recognition, and consequently has expanded to other parts of the world, such as Perth, Sydney and Brisbane (ETG 2016). The organization conducts integrated travel business, and hence works with the motive of offering each client the opportunity of enjoying their professional or personal cost-effective travel service. oNe of the most remarkable and unique features of the service offered by Express Travel Group, is that t offers a one stop solution to every requirement of a traveler. Companys Structure: Each travel organization has a distinct structure to be followed, that explains the professional method of administration of the organization. While discussing the structure of Express Travel Group, it is important to understand that the activities of the organization chiefly revolve around three important fields: Transportation Accommodation Information and co-operation in the form of support service to the tourists (Ashkenas et al. 2014). In terms of the professional job roles assigned to the employees, the function of the employees is being divided into the following categories: Supervisory level Executive Level Operational Level At the top level of the hierarchy, lies the higher authority, which are expected to help in the decision-making process of the organization, in order to ensure that smooth functioning o the business operations can take place. The Director, the Manager, Chief Marketing Official of Express Travel Group belongs to this group. Next, in the executive level, the organization appoints employees who handle and take care of the clients and customers, so that they can deliver efficient and satisfactory service to the clients (Subramanian et al. 2013). The Business Developer Assistant, Customer Service Manager and the Business Analyst work at the Executive level of the organization. Last but not the least, as a tourist organization, ETG will fail to operate its business activities in a an effective way, unless the professionals such as the Tour Manager, Sales Manager, Secretary and Receptionist, interact with the clients, and are able to draw the attention of the potential as well as existent c lients (Csaszar 2012). The structure of the activity of the company can be explained through the following diagram: Figure 1: Diagram Representing the Organizational Structure of the Express Travel Group Source: (Joseph 2016) As it can be understood from the above discussion and diagram, the employees of the company involved in the supervisory level are mainly responsible for promoting and marketing the business. Again, those in the executive level are assigned with jobs such as organizing and scheduling meetings and booking travel arrangements, while the employees at the operational level are responsible for customer interaction as well as multiple skills (Martin et al. 2012). Companys Leadership Style: The leadership style of an organization plays an important role, as effective leadership helps the management authority of the organization influence its employees to perform the tasks efficiently so that employee productivity can directly contribute to organizational success. The style of leadership adopted by the management authority of Express Travel Group, can be described as supportive, participative and transformative. However, it should be remembered that the organization follows a strictly hierarchical style of administration, whereby the employees holding the managerial position in the organization, maintain a social distance with the employees. Yet it should be noted, that the managers offer opportunities for regular interaction with the employees. The director as well as the CEO of the organization holds monthly meetings with the employees working at the executive level, so that they can be reminded of the vision and mission of the organization, and even introduced to the formulation of a new strategy, if necessary (Safi et al. 2015). However, though the managers have complete control and organizational power over the employees, it is worth mentioning that the officials and the chief executives of the organization never adopt an Autocratic style of leadership. The managerial leadership style is participative by nature, as the managers involved in the administrative position, invite the free, open participation of each employee, and in case a new change is being introduced, instead of thrusting the same on the employees, the opinion of the respective employees are being asked as well (Pacleb and Bocarnea 2016). The management authority has discreetly chosen the Transactional leadership style that ensures job satisfaction to the employees. The mangers and the director of the organization recognize the importance of rewarding the skill, outstanding merit and contribution of the employees. As a tourism industry Express Tourism Group, works with the purpose of offering high quality service, to the consumers, and hence management authority regularly reviews the staff performance, and even offers the opportunity to the travelers to rate the staffs, such as the tourist guide or the receptionist, based on their interaction or the quality of the service offered by them (John and Taylor 2014). On the basis of the employee reviews and traveler ratings, the performance of the employees is being measured whereby they are being offered bonuses, and other incentives and long-term benefits. Further, once a new strategy is being proposed, the administrative managers set the target for each employee in respe ctive positions, and the employees who accomplish the targets successfully within the given time, are rewarded through pay bonus and gifts. The organization does not recognize the performance of the working staffs by offering financial benefits, but rather also announces the Employee of the Month award, based on the positive feedback from the clients (Antonakis and House 2014). Companys Strategies within Australia and Abroad The importance of a strong strategy cannot be overemphasized in case of an Australian tourist company, as there is a huge variety of tourist companies which are predominating the Australian tourist industry. Hence, Express Travel Group works with a strong and extremely powerful strategy. As far as the strategies of the organization are concerned, ETG focuses primarily on two factors- a) the reduction of cost, and b) the promotion of the organization to boost the sale growth of the organization. For the purpose of cutting down the operational cost, the organization relies on high volume purchasing system so that the organization can obtain and enjoy huge discounts on the resource inputs, such as transportation or accommodation requirements. The process of bulk buying considerably helps in reducing the operational cost of the organization. Again, ETG also locates its activities in areas which enjoy the availability of cheap labor. As an online travel company, ETG needs to have call centers, and hence the organization usually sets up its call centers in some of the peripheral regions of Australia, so that it can avail the advantage of cheap and easily available labor. The company also reduces the cost of its operation, by employing the resource inputs which are comparatively cheaper. For example, the organization lowers its operational cost by forming alliance with no frills airline that charges much lower than any kind of ordinary airlines. ETG is also known for reducing its labor cost, and increasing its labor productivity, by exploiting the computer technology for substituting the need of more expensive labor inputs (Evans et al. 2012). As a tourist organization, ETG must be able to cope up with the quick expansion of the global travel market, and hence the company arranges a variety of advertising campaigns for the purpose of promoting its high quality service in Australia, as well as in the overseas market. As a tourist company, the organization has to handle a huge number of clients coming from abroad and hence promoting the organization and its service is highly important. Keeping this in consideration, the organization spends an enormous amount of money for destination advertising that helps in building its recognition among the potential international clients (Pastras and Bramwell 2012). For developing the desired foreign public perception, ETG invests much time and money in social media marketing. The management is well-aware of the importance of a search-engine optimized website, and hence instead of focusing on a single website, the organization maintains multiple macro sites for attracting the attention of the non-English speaking travelers around the world. Again, ETG also forms collaboration with various popular advertising agencies that promote the service offered by the company in respective international markets. The use of meaningful logos, and strong taglines, such as Live and Love the Australian Way, helps the organization in effective promotion of its service in the relevant international markets. Further, the organization is also well-aware of the fact that the staffs such as the front office executives, tourist guide, or the receptionists, who have to directly interact with the clients, may not have sufficient understanding of the language or the cultural perception of the clients, and hence it is important to impart training to these staffs. The company arranges regular training sessions and workshops for the employees, so that they can obtain the necessary knowledge and inter-personal communication skills required for handling clients of a different cultural origin (Bosu n et al. 2014). Personal Comment On Companys Structure and Strategy It is needless to say that ETG is emerging as an organization that has huge potential to flourish and prosper in future. However, a few recommendations can be offered here. As far as the organizational structure is concerned, it is being observed that the company follows a strictly hierarchical order which is appreciable. Again, the Transactional leadership style that relies on recognizing and rewarding the employees for their share of contribution is also admirable, as it helps in increasing the employee productivity and efficiency of the organization However, it is to be noted the hierarchical form of organization has its own cons, in the form of lack of collaboration and lack of innovation. Here, each employee is being assigned with a specific job role, and consequently flexibility of work or free exchange of ideas is not possible. Hence, for an emerging organization, like ETG, the implementation of a flat organizational structure is advisable, as with very few layers of managemen t, granting promotion or offering attractive financial benefits, is much cost-effective. Further as a result of the lack of hierarchy and bureaucracy, the working staffs will be able to work with greater flexibility and independence that will be helpful in serving the clients with greater satisfaction (Schenkel and Brazeal 2016). As far as the strategy of the organization is concerned, it is mostly focused on reducing the operational cost that may adversely affect the reputation of the organization in a highly competitive industry of tourism. Instead of reducing the operational cost, it is advisable that the organization focuses more on product differentiation policy, so that its products or service can appear to be superior to its rival organizations. The organization can introduce high quality service in its hotel chains, by introducing a high ratio of staff to guest policy. Further, the organization does not offer lucrative discount benefits to its old consumers, and hence it must focus on creating a loyal consumer base, by offering attracting discount coupons to the repeat clients, or their relatives and friends. The company is doing a great job by offering cultural training to the staffs, but a more country specific training method should be introduced whereby the culture of the countries which have the maximum number of tourists travelling to Australia must be considered while imparting the training programs. Last but not the least, the organization can also improve its tourist products, by offering new tourist tours with cultural character or treatment can have a positive impact on the international clients. Reference List: Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2014. Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.746-771. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Bosun, P., Tenescu, A. and Dima, I.C., 2014. Informational stocks and e-logistics management of a tourism company.International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (27), pp.75-85. Csaszar, F.A., 2012. Organizational structure as a determinant of performance: Evidence from mutual funds.Strategic Management Journal,33(6), pp.611-632. David William, L., 2014.Battlefield tourism: Pilgrimage and the commemoration of the Great War in Britain, Australia and Canada, 1919-1939. AC Black. ETG, (2016).ETG - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.etg.travel/home [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012.Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor Francis. John, M.C. and Taylor, J.W., 2014, August. Leadership style, school climate, and the institutional commitment of teachers. InInternational Forum Journal(Vol. 1, No. 2). Joseph, J., Klingebiel, R. and Wilson, A.J., 2016. Organizational Structure and Performance Feedback: Centralization, Aspirations, and Termination Decisions.Organization Science. Martin, R., Muls, M., de Preux, L.B. and Wagner, U.J., 2012. Anatomy of a paradox: Management practices, organizational structure and energy efficiency.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,63(2), pp.208-223. Pacleb, T.G. and Bocarnea, M.C., 2016. The Relationship between Leadership Styles, Leader Communication Style, and Impact on LeaderMember Exchange Relationship within the Banking Sector in the United States. InChallenges, Performances and Tendencies in Organisation Management(pp. 275-287). World Scientific. Pastras, P. and Bramwell, B., 2013. A strategic-relational approach to tourism policy.Annals of Tourism Research,43, pp.390-414. Rice, P., 2014. Universal management: a proposal to change the direction of accessibility management in the Australian tourism industry to create benefits for all Australians and visitors to Australia.Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal,2(2). Safi, M.H., Mohamadi, F., Amouzadeh, I. and Arshi, S., 2015. The Relationship between ManagerLeadership Style with Job Satisfaction and Burnout in Staff of Shomal Health Center of Tehran.Community Health,2(1), pp.17-26. Schenkel, M. and Brazeal, D.V., 2016. The Effect of Pro-Entrepreneurial Architectures and Relational Influences on Innovative Behavior in a Flat Organizational Structure.Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship,27(2), p.93. Subramanian, A., Venkateswaran, A. and Fu, R., 2013. Project Characteristics, Organizational Structure, and Managerial Incentives.Organizational Structure, and Managerial Incentives (June 15, 2013).